Publications

Watergy Publications

Watergy Handbook

The term "Watergy" was coined by the Alliance to Save Energy to describe the strong link between water and energy in municipal water systems. The Watergy approach helps cities realize significant energy, water and monetary savings through technical and managerial improvements in water supply and wastewater treatment systems, creating efficiencies that provide consumers with quality service with a minimum of water and energy. Efficiency in the water sector involves both the end use of water—such as efficient toilets, low-flow showerheads and reducing peak demand—as well as efficiencies in the supply of water. This paper focuses on the water supply system itself since in many cities most of the inefficiencies occur before the water even reaches the end user.

An earlier version of the report is available (in PDF format) in Portuguese, Spanish, Russian, and Bosnian.

Manual for Development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects

The Alliance developed this manual for India to walk municipalities and ESCOs through the process of using performance contracting to finance and implement municipal EE projects. It is generally applicable outside of India as well, and includes a set of procurement and contracting templates such as RFPs and performance contracts. Support for the manual's development came from the International Finance Corporation.

Watergy Toolkit

The Alliance developed a toolkit that provides a wealth of multi-media tools and resources to help users achieve concrete results: training videos (for example on conducting audits and detecting leaks), manuals, case studies, best practice guides, and resource documents.

Other Publications

Water Efficiency Manual for Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Facilities, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources

A water conservation and efficiency manual for North Carolina as well as to organizations interested in further information, tips or successful stories in water efficiency projects. The manual includes industry-specific details in textile manufacturing, food processing, and metal finishing. Also included are auditing methodologies and tools used to identify and conduct water-efficiency programs.

Handbook of Water Use and Conservation

Homes, Landscapes, Businesses, Industries, Farms by Amy Vickers (WaterPlow Press: Amherst, MA, 2001, ISBN 1-931579-07-5) is "The most thorough reference ever published on water use and conservation. Everything you need to know." -American Water Works Association. Describes water use characteristics, water audit steps, and over 100 water efficiency measures. Provides water savings data, benefits, and costs. Includes 175 tables, charts and photos, over 75 case studies, eight appendices, glossary, and index. 464 pages, hardcover. The author is a nationally-recognized water conservation expert and engineer (M.S., Dartmouth). "Star rating" -Library Journal.

Water Efficiency: A Resource for Utility Managers, Community Planners, and Other Decision Makers

Resource Management Institute, 1991. Rocky Mountain Institute, The Water Program, Snowmass, CO. Suggests several options and considerations for systemwide planning and water management, including metering.
Phone: (1 970) 927 3851

Best Practices Study for Energy Management

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), EMA Services, Inc., Rose Enterprises, Inc., and Treefarm Center Consultants, Inc. Will develop a documented consortium benchmarking process for water utility application. Will test application of the process in an energy management benchmarking study. Research partner: Irvine Ranch Water District (to be completed in 2002).
Awwa Research Foundation: 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098 USA
Phone: (1 303) 347 6100

Energy and Water Quality Management System

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), EMA Services, Inc., and East Bay Municipal Utility District (Oakland, Calif.). Based on a pilot project, provides a methodology and guidelines for evaluating various designs for energy management systems that will be part of a utility SCADA system. Determines the benefits of a water quality–constrained energy management system. Bases benefits on a variety of alternative future scenarios for energy management, including electric utility deregulation. Research partner: EPRI CEC. Published in 1997.
EPRI AMP Customer Assistance Center at 800-432-0267.

Implementing a Prototype Energy and Water Quality Management System

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), EMA Services, Inc. Will quantify the projected benefits of an energy and water quality management system (EWQMS) at a major water utility. Will design, model, implement, measure results, and document the Operations Planner and Scheduler (OPS) function modeled in previous EWQMS phases. Will develop site-specific specifications of OPS software, with a requirement that the system can be made operational within six months and yield a positive return on investment within 1 year. Will document performance of OPS software following installation and start-up. Research partner: Colorado Springs Utilities.

Impacts of Demand Reduction on Water Utilities

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), Montgomery Watson. Provides utility managers with data to quantify accurately the impacts of reduced flows resulting from conservation measures and evaluate the impacts on operating costs. Also assists water planners in implementing a least-cost-facility expansion or upgrade policy and in integrating conservation measures during the master planning process. Published in 1996.

Long-Term Effects of Conservation Rates

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), Wade Miller Associates, Inc. Provides guidance on an overview analysis of the long-term effects of conservation pricing strategies. Includes a computer-based spreadsheet-forecasting model for evaluating conservation rates. Published in 1997.

Ozone System Energy Optimization Handbook

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), Process Applications, Inc. Provides an energy efficiency protocol for ozone systems used in drinking water plants. Documents a series of one-week plant audits focused on the ozone system. Quantifies the improvements that were implemented. Research partner: EPRI CEC. Published in 1996. EPRIAMP Customer Assistance Center at 800-432-0267.

Practical Energy Audit Manual: Pumping Systems

Indo-German Energy Efficiency Project, August 1999. Tata Energy Research Institute, Bangalore, INDIA, 95 pp. Provides some engineering equations and audit guidance.
Phone: (+91 11) 468 2100

Quality Energy Efficiency Retrofits for Water Systems

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), HDR Engineering, Inc. Provides pragmatic information to increase the likelihood of high quality, reliable, and persistent energy management retrofits. Includes information on how to avoid common pitfalls and problems, suggestions for selecting contractors, and how to evaluate completed projects. Research partners: California Energy Commission and EPRI CEC. Published in 1997.
EPRIAMP Customer Assistance Center at 800-432-0267.

A Total Energy and Water Quality Management System

Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF), Westin Engineering, Inc. Presents a generic model for an energy and water quality management software system for the water community. Based on the generic model, develops standard specifications for the software applications required to minimize energy costs within the constraints of water quality and operations goals. Research partner: EPRI CEC. Published in 1999.

Water Conservation Plan Guidelines

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, August 1998, Document 832/D-98-001. This manual was put together by USEPA to help water utility system planners incorporate customer water efficiency into facility planning. It offers guidelines on water accounting, source metering, user metering, and water loss control worksheets and customer water use benchmarks.
Phone: (1 202) 260 7786

Manual on Energy Efficiency in Pumping Systems: Confederation of Indian Industry Energy Management Cell, Energy Management Centre, Indian Ministry of Power, September 1998, 173 pp.
Phone: (+91 44) 466 0571
E-mail: emc@sr.cii.ernet.in